A rebirth of Mithraism means dealing with a challenge that did not exist in the ancient world. In antiquity, Mithraism was spread by the Roman legions as they traveled the Empire. Today, individuals interested in Mithraism are widely scattered and have little, if any, recourse to group practice or worship.
It is not unreasonable to expect that if Mithraism as a living religion can be maintained by individuals, it will eventually grow again into group practice as it becomes more popular. This by necessity means maintaining Mithraism for a period of years as a personal path - unlike what was practiced in the ancient world.
Our answer is yes, provided that those who practice a modern path of Mithraism out of necessity do not confuse such practice with ancient Mithraism. Many pagan religious paths have been revived in the modern world over the past few decades. Experience has shown that real problems occur only when accurate history is lost, and modern adaptations are confused with ancient tradition.
The goal of Modern Mithraism is to keep Mithraism alive, not to replace the ancient Mysteries with something new. If individuals can keep themselves involved and make Mithraism interesting to others - it will make a reconstruction of the organized Mithraic Mysteries that much more possible.
As an organization, Mithraeum hopes both to encourage Modern Mithraism, and ensure that modern rites do not interfere with a rebirth of the ancient Mysteries as accurately as possible. Is a Modern Mithraic practice necessary for the survival of Mithraism as a path? We say yes. Is Modern Mithraic practice just as important as the ancient Mysteries? No, but that doesn't mean that modern rites are completely invalid either. If you seek Mithras with a sincere heart and a desire for knowledge, you will find him even if alone.
It is our great hope that Modern Mithraism will become a valuable tool for the rebuilding of accurate Mithraic Mysteries, not a watered-down modern replacement for them. Our goal is to make Mithras and his Light more available to the modern individual - even as we instill a desire for accurate scholarship and reconstruction.
The key to making Modern Mithraism a useful aid to rebuilding the Mysteries is clear labeling. Modern rites, rituals, festivals, prayers, ideas and writings should be clearly labeled as such. We must not confuse modern efforts with history today if we hope to rebuild something that is historically accurate in the future. Therefore, we present the following Declaration as a guiding set of principles for this path.
When the worship of an ancient faith is to be restored to the world, it is necessary for persons aspiring to common ideals to form a clear foundation for their religion. It is also proper that they should make these concepts public so that the religion itself may be better understood.
These religious ideals and tenets are set forth and adopted in honor of Mithras as an eternal God, and in remembrance of our ancient Mithraic spiritual forebears. Through them we are focused and united. Let them stand as an affirmation of our intent, faith and practice.
Click each element for suggestions for starting or enhancing your personal practice.
Obviously, one's modern personal Mithraeum must be dictated by available space and materials. If you have little space to work with, and are on a limited budget, you may not be able to say, reserve a corner of your basement or back room for a large rectangular temple. Perhaps all you have room for is a very small personal altar, or even part of a shelf!
Not to worry. The only
things we recommend a personal Mithraic altar to have are:
1. An altar. This can be a Classical pillar, (Roman altars were tall and thin) or a small table, or even a shelf attached to the wall. The Mithraic altar needs only a little surface area, just enough for some sort of image of the Bull Slaying scene, an offering dish, a lamp or candle, and if possible a burner for incense.
2. Space to kneel or sit comfortably before the altar.
3. Separation from the outside world. This obviously depends on your living situation, but a curtain or screen can provide some privacy without permanently blocking off your space. You may also choose to dim or turn off lights, leaving only a candle or lamp at the altar so you can focus on the Light of Mithras.
A simple Mithraic altar setup might include a small square table or pillar with some wall space (possibly a shelf) directly behind the altar. That allows the entire top of the altar to be set with ritual items, and put some sort of Mithraic image behind the altar itself. In ancient Mithraea, usually the Tauroctony scene was placed behind the altar. Often the scene was placed right on the wall.
Ancient Roman altars were rectangular stone pieces that were kept bare. If you are using a modern table, you may wish to cover it with a decorated cloth.
The important thing with a Mithraic sacred space is to create something you are comfortable working with. It is wonderful to want to do something accurate, but don't let worry over proper setting prevent you from doing anything at all!
Ancient Mithraea were rich in Mithraic art, and there can be no doubt that this art was considered important. The floors of the Mithraeum were often decorated in mosaic tiles, the side walls of the Mithraeum were painted with scenes from the life of Mithras, the front altar area was where the sacred Bull Slaying image was kept, and the roof of the Mithraeum was painted with an image of the night sky. Altars were carved with inscriptions and art, and there were often a variety of statues present in the temple as well. Even the ritual tools and service wear for the Sacred Meal were decorated with sacred art!
All these things helped to make the Mithraeum a unique sacred atmosphere. Mithraists were constantly reminded about the deity through which they were united. The presence of imagery was strong confirmation that Mithraism was about Mithras - and that focus on him, (rather than say, the participants) was vital.
It is, of course, possible to worship Mithras without sacred images being present. The Roman Legionary in the field, for instance, far from a Mithraeum, would of course be able to commune with Mithras through prayer and offerings at any time. Yet it cannot be denied that sacred art was important to the ancient experience.
The modern Mithraist has wonderful tools available for creating Mithraic imagery. The quickest and easiest are the computer printer or a photocopier. A quick web search for Mithras will yield a wide variety of Mithraic images. These can easily be printed for personal use. If a picture from a website is too small, it can usually be enlarged on a photocopier (or color copier, depending on the image.)
A usual first step toward decorating your sacred space with Mithraic art would be to put a picture of the tauroctony over the Mithraic Altar. The Bull Slaying scene is the central icon of Mithraism, and it would be visible over the main altar in almost any Mithraeum.
Other images are nice, but not as necessary. A solitary practitioner may not have wall space near the altar for putting up other Mithraic images. If you do have the space, there are a few other Mithraic scenes that can be found on the web or copied from any of a variety of books including:
Ancient Mithraea also had a wide variety of other images not mentioned here, such as imagery of other deities, and other less common Mithraic symbols.
Ancient Mithraic art was produced in a variety of media, most usually involving painting, mosaic, and sculpture. Almost any art form can be used to produce original Mithraic art if you have the skills. Art was often dedicated to the Mithraeum as an offering by individual members of the group, and this is a good way to do something on behalf of the God even if you practice alone.
Painting, drawing, sculpture, mosaic, carving, and even etching images are good possibilities for Mithraic art. Reproducing the traditional images of Mithraism can be a way to feel more involved with the spiritual process, and also make your practice more enjoyable.
Ancient Mithraeum temple sites contained many Mithraic items that were used in rites and rituals. We recommend some here as aids to personal practice.
The material for the inside of the incense burner should be both non-flammable, and also something that doesn't conduct heat. Sand is perfect. Clay-based granular "kitty litter" will work as well, although the cat may get confused. Dug-up earth won't work well unless it is very, very dry, as anything organic in it tends to be burned by the charcoal and give off a smell.
Other items may be kept for ritual according to personal need. Accessory items might include a small box or dish to keep incense in, sacred amulets or jewelry, items dedicated to Mithras, (such as a Roman sword) or whatever else might evoke religious feeling on behalf of the practitioner.
It is well known that people of the ancient world practiced personal, informal prayer and meditation as a means of communing and communicating with deity. We believe this must have been a part of Mithraic life as well. Below, a few suggested texts:
Adapted from a Western magical text
A simple personal discipline of remembering the Eternal Sun three times daily. The purpose of this prayer is to develop personal spiritual responsibility and to infuse daily life with a rememberance of the Light.
To be said to the Sun in the Morning: Hail to thee, the Eternal Spiritual Sun, whose visible Symbol rises now in the Heavens. Hail unto thee from the Abodes of Morning.
To be said to the mid-day Sun: Hail to thee, Eternal Spritual Sun, whose visible Symbol stands at the height of the Heavens. Hail unto thee from the Abodes of Noontime.
To be said to the setting Sun: Hail to thee, Eternal Spritual Sun, whose visible Symbol sets now in the Heavens. Hail unto thee from the Abodes of Evening.
Rudyard Kipling
Mithras, God of the Morning, our trumpets waken the wall!
'Rome is above the Nations, but Thou art over all'
Now as the names are answered, and the guards are marched away,
Mithras, also a soldier, give us strength for the day!
Mithras, God of the Noontide, the heather swims in the heat,
Our helmets scorch our foreheads; our sandals burn our feet,
Now in the ungirt hour; now ere we blink and drowse,
Mithras also a soldier, keep us true to our vows!
Mithras, God of the Sunset, low on the Western main,
Thou descending immortal, immortal to rise again!
Now when the watch is ended, now when the wine is drawn
Mithras also a soldier, keep us pure till the dawn!
Mithras, God of Midnight, here where the great bull dies,
Look on thy children in darkness. Oh take our sacrifice!
Many roads Thou has fashioned: all of them lead to the Light,
Mithras, also a soldier, teach us to die aright!
Marcus Cassius Julianus
Take a few moments by yourself. Stand straight (at "attention") with your arms at your sides, and your eyes closed. Let your body posture straighten naturally, and rise to your full height without going too stiff or tightening up so much that you are uncomfortable. Let yourself both relax and focus inward. (With a bit of experience this can be done quickly, so that the meditation may be done anytime at need.)
Ancient Mithraism is known to have encompassed a variety of group rituals, including both those of worship and initiation. While we do not advocate self-initiation rites, we do recognize that formal ritual is an important part of Mithraic experience.
This meditation is an inner working to build an Astral Mithraic temple which may be used to contact Mithras and to participate in Mithraic worship on a spiritual level.
Astral Temple work is an aspect of modern occultism that is easily used for Mithraic purposes. This particular meditation and rite was used by a group that practiced
together over the Internet in 1995 and 1996 as a means of breaking ground toward more active Mithraic practice. All participants did the rite at the same time on a Sunday
evening. After the ritual and meditation notes were compared among the participants.
Whether this rite is done in group format or alone, it can be an excellent way to contact Mithraic energies and to help bring forth contact with Mithras as a living deity.
Set up a temple space with as many of the aspects of a Mithraeum as possible:
Wear a Roman tunic if you've got one, or a robe or comfortable clothing if you don't. Light or white garments preferable.
Once you're prepared to begin and in a ritual frame of mind, proceed up the central aisle to the altar. Light the candles, saying May the Light of Mithras illuminate
my mind and spirit. Light the incense, saying May this place be purified in the name of Mithras. Carry the incense around the temple as a sign of purification.
When you feel you've created a proper working atmosphere, sit in one of the chairs and allow yourself to relax. Take several deep breaths, and close your eyes. If you have
some personal routine of mental preparation for ritual work, do it now.
Say this prayer: Mithras, Lord of Light and Mysteries, guide me safely to your temple within the Realm of Spirit. Now, with your eyes closed, begin to enter the Inner realms by using a combination of visualization and a deliberate projection of your own energies/consciousness. Try to see yourself, and feel yourself within this image. Here is the sequence to visualize, and to say out loud to yourself if possible:
I am standing in a shadowed place. Before me there is a portal, two double doors of dark oak banded with iron. The top of the portal has a Classical lintel with a symbol of the Sun. To either side of the doorway there are marble pillars.
I make the Sign of Opening, and the doors swing outward. I step through the Portal and enter the Inner Realms.
I find myself standing in a sunlit place. I am on a cobblestone Roman road which stretches straight before and behind me. To my right there is a fig tree, its branches giving partial shade to the place where I stand. To my left is a Roman mile marker. All around me there are rolling hills and cultivated fields, a place of abundance and beauty. It is warm here but not hot. The sun is shining brightly but there is a cooling breeze that stirs the grains and grasses in the fields around me. I am wearing a traveler's tunic, and leather sandals.
I look at the cobblestone road before me, and see that it stretches out to a long, low hill which has neatly planted groves of fig trees. I begin to walk along the road. As I walk, I can feel and hear my sandals on the stones of the road as I step. There is a noonday sun above me, and a few puffy white clouds in the sky. I can hear the grasses swaying in the slight breeze, and I welcome the warmth of the sun upon my face.
I continue along the road, and soon come close to the base of the hill. I see that the road goes up onto the hill and through the groves of trees. I climb the hill, the way is neither steep or difficult. Soon I crest the top and can see the way of the road. The road goes straight past a building, which is a single-storied rectangular temple, built of stone and with a peaked roof. It is a temple to Mithras, a Mithraeum. Its foundation seems dug into the earth. I proceed along the road and come to the Mithraeum entrance.
The doorway is recessed, and there are seven steps down to reach it. As I go down the steps the door swings partially open. I make a gesture of respect, and step
inside. I find I am standing in a small anteroom. There is a small bench, and places for both cloaks to be left and robes of worship to be put on before entering the
Mithraeum itself. The temple door is at the opposite of the room. There are a couple of small oil lamps burning. I close the door of the anteroom. I take off my traveling
tunic and put on the robes of a worshipper, and then go to the doorway to the temple itself.
At the temple doorway, I make the sign of opening. The door opens and I step into the Mithraeum. I am standing at the end of a long central aisle. The Mithraeum is lit entirely by lamps. There are no windows. The stone walls are heavy, and the roof is as well - the place has the feeling of a cave. There are seven pillars along each side of the aisle, and on the other side of the pillars there are raised benches which face inward toward the central aisle. The aisle itself is done in mosaic tile, a ladder with seven sections, each section bearing the symbols of a Mithraic grade.
The walls of the temple are done in light stucco. On the stucco there are bright paintings of the story of the God Mithras. His birth from the Rock, dragging the Bull, feasting with Sol Invictus, etc. But beautiful as the paintings are, they are not what draws the eye. At the end of the temple there is a main altar on a raised dais, in a semicircular alcove. Over the altar there is the Tauroctony scene, carved in white marble. There are hanging lamps of gold on either side, giving off a golden light.
I walk down the central aisle, and stop before the altar. I bow in respect and say: Hail to thee Mithras! I come to thy abode as a Servant of the Light and as a Seeker of Wisdom. I beg thee to aid me in my desire to serve.
I now reach toward the altar, take a pinch of incense from a silver dish, and drop it into the flames as an offering to Mithras. I then turn and walk to one of the side benches, and take my seat.
At this point a variety of inner workings may be done. If you are working with others, a pre-chosen rite or experience can be shared. In the original work which followed this format, the first several sessions consisted simply of attempts to solidify the temple through repeated experience.
No matter what is done, there should be a symbolic meal with wine (juice may be substituted) and bread, which the participant actually gets up and partakes of physically while still holding the Inner realm images. A person doing this Inner Temple Working alone may use the experience to speak directly with Mithras, or to gain inner knowledge about Mithraism as a spiritual path.
Once the work is done, pathwork back out by visualizing the return trip. Describing the way back to keep the imagery straight is perfectly all right. The way out always takes less time than going in, and the portal is closed behind. The physical temple is left up for the moment. The participant should then have a meal and write out their experience in a journal. If two or more people are doing this work, they should share their experiences.
Ancient Mithraism was a path of specialized knowledge that progressed over a period of years. Candidates for the various Mithraic Grades were required to learn the secret teachings of each grade, and then undergo an initiation ceremony to both confirm that learning and to make it a part of the very being of the candidate.
The modern solitary Mithraist is at a distinct disadvantage in lacking access to experienced Mithraists, and lacking feedback to make sense of the teachings given. Today, Mithraic knowledge for the most part consists of scholarly, non-religious texts. Such volumes go through the physical remains of Mithraism in great detail, with the intent of at least unlocking some of the underlying cosmology, but they do not touch in any extent on the teachings of the Mysteries themselves.
The best one can do today is to study Mithraism and and any and all related materials, and work to make sense of the various paths of knowledge. Such learning is in no way a replacement for the actual Mysteries, but it is the most honorable course of action at this time.
Continuing to study everything related to Mithraism while you practice personal rites is more than a way to increase your knowledge. It is also one of the most important means of staying involved with Mithraism as a religion, and of keeping yourself progressing as a person.
The online bookstore of this website lists recommended Mithraic and Zoroastrian materials. However, those materials, as valuable as they are, are only the tip of the iceberg. There is more Mithraic information out there, and there are other paths which can help shed light on Mithraism as a path of the Mysteries.
Final Note: No matter how you approach your study of Mithraism, Never stop learning, and never assume you know all the answers. Even the initiates of the ancient Mysteries could find successive levels of meaning within their paths. One could never learn all their was to know, for the closer a path comes to deity the more there is to learn. Keep studying, keep progressing, and keep an open mind.
Ancient Mithraism was a dynamic path. Worship and knowledge were important - but it is clear that in addition to spiritual learning a major goal of Mithraism was to improve the daily life of the individual, and the individual's connection with deity. Active deeds reinforce learning, and also manifest Mithraism in the world around us.
This is one of the most subjective aspects of modern Mithraism, but it can also be one of the most important. In the ancient world, Mithraism was extremely popular among sections of society which were active and dynamic. Mithraists worked in government and trade, and most notably served in the military. Mithraism was concerned with both the inner Mysteries and the everyday world.
Mithraism was more than a path practiced in secret. It was a path that improved everyday life, and that was manifest in the actions and deeds of its adherents. The value of Mithras was proved in the outer world as well as within the person.
Even though the solitary Modern Mithraist cannot practice with others, it is still possible to adopt Mithraism as a path of positive action. Making use of Mithraic principles and spirituality in daily life, and for good causes, cannot help but bring one closer to Mithras and to the ancient path over which he presides.
The following ideas are some of the ways in which a person can manifest Mithraic religion through daily actions. These are guidelines only, to be used when they are appropriate. They are also of course not the last word on the subject, and other adaptations can just as easily be adopted.